Universe of Opposites: Hypermassive Black Holes to White Holes Cosmology

This cosmological model considers our observable universe as part of an expanding volume, produced by an explosion inside a black hole, while other, similar, expanding volumes exist beyond our observation. Such expanding volumes emerge into the space beyond them, initially appearing there as white holes. Then, over time as they continue to expand, their matter meets up, creating contracting volumes of space that eventually form hypermassive black holes — ones containing more mass than is in the observable universe. When a tipping point is reached, such as a critical mass, these hypermassive black holes explode producing new expanding volumes. Considered at a suitably large scale, this model can be consistent with the perfect cosmological principle. This model is distinct from existing cyclical models as it has multiple explosions (big bangs) spatially spread out across the universe. It is consistent with Smoller and Temple’s Shockwave Cosmology Inside a Black Hole, which integrates shockwave cosmology with general relativity to produce a universe essentially like the one we observe, including cosmological redshift and a cosmic microwave background.