Monde vécu et monde de la science: Examen d'une dualité dans la philosophie analytique et dans la philosophie herméneutique

In this presentation, we focus on the duality of the lived world and the world of science, as well as the dynamics of their relationship. We first examine different ways of explaining this duality and setting its trajectory, on the one hand in analytical philosophy, and on the other hand in Heidegger, Husserl and Bergson. We note the historical effectiveness of the analytical approach, in which science brings about a kind of “disenchantment” of the lived world – which goes hand in hand with the Aufklärung, the Enlightenment movement. In this respect, from a historical perspective, even the Heidegger-Husserl-Bergson-style explanation of the lived world is closely dependent on the analytical explanation. We then outline a causal reconstruction of the lived world and its conditioning factors. However, we would like to emphasise the radical inadequacy of the attitude generally referred to as “naturalism”: it can only teach constraints, a certain negative shaping of the lived world, and the restrictions that go with it. It does not teach in a positive way how the world is understood, against the backdrop of these conditioning factors but, above all, beyond them. We conclude that there is a need for a higher form of naturalism, the point of insertion of which we endeavour to show. (The volume provides a Russian translation of the paper, p. 75-92.)