¿Interculturalidad en la doctrina cristiana? A 500 años del encuentro entre dos mundos

This article explores the foundations of dialogue within Christian doctrine and their historical application during the early stages of the evangelization of Mesoamerica. In the context of contemporary debates such as the "clash of civilizations," the author examines whether Catholicism possesses inherent elements that promote intercultural harmony. The study is divided into two primary sections: Doctrinal Foundations: An analysis of Sacred Scripture—specifically the books of Sirach, the Gospels, and the Epistles of James—to demonstrate a theological mandate for conversation and mercy toward the "neighbor" over violence and threats . Historical Case Studies: An examination of the Colloquies of 1524 between Franciscan friars and Nahua wise men (tlamatimine), as well as the 16th-century debates between Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Bartolomé de las Casas . The author utilizes the Aristotelian-Thomistic framework to contrast the reductionist view of indigenous peoples as "natural slaves" against a more nuanced theological recognition of their political and rational capacities. The article concludes that the identity of modern Mexico was forged through a continuous, albeit complex, intercultural dialogue rooted in these Christian precepts, offering a model for engagement in a post-secular world.