Transition to Adulthood in People With Muscular Dystrophy

The study will involve boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), from adolescence to adulthood living in Italy, and their families/ caregivers. The Investigators want to explore patients' mental health, social cognition and perception of body image as well as patients'and caregivers' ability to adapt to changes related to both the disease and various personal and social needs, through the use of short and simple questionnaires, neuropsychological tests and neurocognitive evaluation in ecological scenarios using Virtual Reality. The desire for autonomy and the awareness of both personal and social difficulties in achieving them put a strain on both patients and their families.Some studies conducted in the USA and in various European countries underline that the transition to adulthood of patients with muscular dystrophy is featured by a good ability to adapt to the more advanced stages of the disease in general; nevertheless, facing the worsening of health entails experiences of anxiety and depression.In this historical phase, clinical trials of gene therapy and gene modulating therapies are involving an increasing number of patients, mainly represented by children in the early phase of the disease. Hence, adolescents and young adults could develop feelings of exclusion from research efforts, losing confidence and hope in any future improvement of their condition, social participation and quality of life.This study could lead to identify strengths and weaknesses in social cognition and psychosocial adaptation; through the evaluation of characteristics of patients/caregivers or exogenous factors influencing higher levels of social adaptation, we ultimately aim to define strategies to improve not only physical (already defined by guidelines) but also psychological care, social cognition and social support in all stages of DMD, particularly in later ones.