Perioperative Effect of Atenolol on Cytokine Profiles

Studies have shown that beta-blockers such as atenolol when given in the perioperative period reduce morbidity and mortality. One study showed that atenolol given just during the surgery period, seemed to improve outcomes up to 2 years later. This is hard to explain since beta-blockers act on the body by blocking the effects of adrenalin and thereby lowering heart rate and blood pressure. This study is designed to find out if perioperative atenolol might exert its long term effects through an anti-inflammatory mechanism rather than by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. It is known that inflammation increases after surgery as part of the healing process. However, it is also becoming clear that low-grade chronic inflammation can also lead to long term adverse effects.