Formation of Ryugu's parent planetesimal beyond the CO$_{2}$ snow line from small pebbles: insights from thermal evolution modeling

Astronomical observations of planet-forming circumstellar disks indicate that planetesimals form from 0.1-mm- to 1-cm-sized dust aggregates, commonly called ``pebbles.'' When such pebbles accrete beyond the water snow line, the resulting icy planetesimals undergo water--rock differentiation and deve