Time-Domain Dust Astrophysics. I. Polarization Flares, Polarization-Angle Reverberation, and Fossil Imprints in Supernova-Illuminated Clouds

Cosmic transients can enhance the local radiation field on timescales of days to months. Using the time-domain \TransRAT\ framework, which self-consistently follows grain heating, alignment, rotational disruption, and switching of the alignment axis between the magnetic field ({\bf B}) and the radia