Universal Exercise Unit Versus Functional Electrical Stimulation On Genu Recurvatum In Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Inclusion Criteria: * Children aged four to eight years. * Grade of spasticity ranging from 1 to 1+ on the Modified Ashworth scale. * Classified as Level I or II on the Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS). * Ability to follow verbal commands and instructions. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous neurological or orthopedic surgery in the lower extremities. * Botox injection in the lower extremities within the past six months. * Fixed deformity in the joints of the lower limb. * Genu recarvatum secondary to surgery. * Severe hearing and visual defects. Materials for Subject Selection and Evaluation: * Modified Ashworth Scale for muscle tone assessment. * Gross Motor Functional Classification System (GMFCS) for functional activity classification. * Digital goniometer for measuring the angle of knee hyperextension. * Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester for quantifying muscle strength. Methods: * Assessment of muscle tone using the Modified Ashworth Scale, evaluating spasticity in calf muscles and hip/knee extensors. * Evaluation of gross motor function using the GMFCS. * Assessment of genu recarvatum using a digital goniometer. * Assessment of muscle strength using the Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester, focusing on hamstrings and tibialis anterior muscles. * Assessment of range of motion in the knee joint using Kinovea software. * Treatment procedures involving physical therapy sessions with a combination of exercises and interventions tailored to each group (Group A and Group B). Group A Treatment: \- Designed physical therapy program combined with pulley therapy for muscle strengthening. Group B Treatment: \- Designed physical therapy program combined with functional electrical stimulation during walking on a treadmill for muscle stimulation. The interventions in both groups aim to improve muscle strength, range of motion, and functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy.