Temporal Interference Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation for Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonian Syndromes: Effects and Target Exploration

This study aims to explore the therapeutic effects of noninvasive deep brain electrical stimulation using temporal interference principles (Temporal Interference Stimulation, TIS) on both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes, and to investigate strategies for optimal stimulation target selection. A prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized, crossover design will be implemented. Participants will be recruited from outpatient and inpatient departments of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. The primary hypothesis is that TIS will significantly improve motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes. The primary outcome measure will be the change in the MDS-UPDRS Part III score from baseline to post-stimulation. This study is expected to provide direct evidence supporting the clinical application and target selection strategies of noninvasive deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes.