Decoupling Evidence Sources in Paraconsistent Logic: A Generalized PAL2v Framework for Educational Assessment

Paraconsistent Annotated Logic with two values (PAL2v) annotates a proposition with a pair $(μ,λ)$ of degrees of favorable and unfavorable evidence, drawn from a bilattice whose four extreme points are the values of Belnap and Dunn. In applications, however, the second coordinate is almost always ta