Long-term Effects of Early Shoulder Exercise After CIED Implantation

Shoulder dysfunction frequently occurs after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, adversely affecting quality of life. While early postoperative exercise is known to be effective in the short term, data on long-term durability is limited. This 3-year longitudinal follow-up study evaluates the sustained benefits of pendulum exercises (PE) and stretching \& strengthening exercises (SSE) compared to standard care. We assessed shoulder range of motion, grip strength, and quality of life to determine if early mobilization provides lasting functional recovery without compromising lead safety.