Intrathecal Midazolam, Fentanyl and Nalbuphine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section

The main limitations of spinal anesthesia are its short duration of action and do not provide prolonged postoperative analgesia when it is performed only with local anesthetics. Adding adjuvants drugs to intrathecal local anesthetics improves quality and duration of spinal blockade, and prolongs postoperative analgesia. It is also possible to reduce dose of local anesthetics, as well as total amount of systemic postoperative analgesics.