Lidocaine Versus Esmolol for Optimizing Surgical Field Visibility

Intra-operative blood loss is an important attribution and predictor of the lumbar spine surgery and patient outcome. Stripping the muscle off bone makes more exposed bleeding spine surface is one of causes for blood loss during lumbar surgeries. The importance to decrease the bleeding is to improve the surgical field visibility which provides technical ease for surgeon and decreases the surgical time besides maintaining the hemodynamic stability. In past, there were many trials to minimize surgical blood loss by different drugs such as Na Nitroprusside, magnesium sulfate, volatile anesthetics and beta-adrenergic antagonist.