Short-term Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus Casei DN-114001: Impacts on Gut Microbiota Composition and Systemic Immune Biomarkers in Healthy Adults

The study included 21 adult participants, aged 19-46 years (19 female participants and 2 male participants). The selection criteria included the following parameters: Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²), between 18.5 and 29.99; Waist-to-Hip Ratio with thresholds set at \>0.90 for males and \>0.85 for females for individuals with normal weight (eutrophic); percentage of body fat: Considered within normal range if \<30% for individuals with normal weight. Standard biochemical and anthropometric measurements were carried out to all the subjects.