Beyond Race: Objectively Assessed Skin Color and Its Association With Pulse Oximeter Bias in Critically Ill Infants

The overall objective of this proposal is to quantify the bias in pulse oximeter reported oxygen saturation (SpO2) by evaluating its measures compared to the gold standard blood gas measured arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) across race and skin pigmentation. The main question that the investigators intend to answer is whether 1. There is greater pulse oximeter bias and subclinical hypoxemia in (1a) Black compared to White infants, and (1b) dark versus light-pigmented infants 2. This bias increases with gestational and postnatal maturation 3. This bias is associated with adverse patient outcomes