Influence of Irrigant Delivery Systems on the Incidence of Postoperative Discomfort in Oval Canals

The main aim of endodontic therapy is to disinfect the entire root canal system (RCS), which requires the elimination of microorganisms and microbial components. This goal is pursued by chemo-mechanical debridement of the RCS. Attaining this goal remains challenging due to the complex and variable anatomy of the root canal system, which includes intricate structures such as fins, isthmuses, lateral canals, and apical deltas that are often inaccessible to mechanical instrumentation. To overcome these anatomical limitations, various irrigation protocols have been developed to enhance the penetration and effectiveness of irrigating solutions.The use of different activation techniques-such as manual dynamic agitation, irrigation needle, sonic and ultrasonic activation, and negative pressure irrigation systems-aims to improve the distribution, exchange, and cleaning ability of irrigants within hard-to-reach areas of the canal system.These approaches are designed to maximize microbial reduction and promote more effective removal of debris and smear layer remnants.