Implementation, verification and validation of the multi-surface failure envelope for ice in explicit FEA (LS-DYNA) with full derivation of it's invariant form

The multi-surface failure criterion/model for ice is implemented into an explicit finite element program called LS-DYNA (www.lstc.com). The implementation of the model equations was achieved via the development of a user routine for LS-DYNA. Since ice behavior depends on temperature, strain/load rat