LI-ESWT Versus Sham Therapy in Men With ED

Hong Kong has an aging population. By the year of 2036, more than 30% of our population will be older than 65 years old1. Aging in male has been shown to correlate with the risk of erectile dysfunction(ED). The demand in ED treatment is expected to increase. Several ED treatment options are available, ranging from oral or intracavernosal drug treatments, to vacuum erection therapy or even penile prosthesis implantation. However, none of these treatment are curative nor rectify the pathophysiology of ED. Low-intensity extra-corporeal shockwave therapy(LI-ESWT) has been introduced since 2010 for treatment of ED. The first randomized-controlled trial by Vardi et al. had proved the efficacy of ESWT in improving the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF) score3. The International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function domain score(IIEF-EF) was significantly greater in the treatment group compared with the sham therapy group. The efficacy of LI-ESWT was also confirmed in meta-analyses. Nonetheless, the available studies were criticized for the variations in shockwave generators, energy parameters and treatment protocol. Most studies used focused electrohydraulic machines, did not include NPT as part of the outcomes assessment, and only reported the short-term outcomes. Currently LI-ESWT machine was used in few Hong Kong public hospitals for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In KEC, few pilot cases have been done using the linear LI-ESWT machine. No adverse events were seen. Local published data is lacking. Yee et al. has published a double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial on LI-ESWT in 20144. Using an electrohydraulic machine with a focused shockwave source, they concluded no significant differences in IIEF-EF and Erectile Hardness Score(EHS) between treatment and sham therapy after 13 weeks of treatment. In subgroup analysis significant improvement was noted in men with severe baseline erectile dysfunction (LI-ESWT IIEF-EF improvement: 10.