Orthostatic Dysregulation and Associated Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease -Treatment

Disabling symptoms of blood pressure dysregulation, impaired swallowing and digestion are common amongst Parkinson's patients. So far the exact pathophysiology for this is not fully understood. There are results from pathological analyses that the autonomic nervous system is also affected by the accumulation of alpha-Synuclein and that this might even happen in very early stages of the disease process (Qualman et al., 1984; Wakabayashi et al., 1989; Wakabayashi et al., 1990; Bloch et al., 2006). Blood pressure dysregulation is a common autonomic symptom in Parkinson's patients and treatment - currently most often achieved with Fludrocortisone - often leads to supine hypertension (Plaschke et al., 1998; Braune et al., 1999; Magerkurth et al., 2005). There are studies in patients with autonomic failure that indicate that Pyridostigmine bromide might be an alternative treatment option without causing disabling supine hypertension (Singer et al., 2003; Sandroni et al., 2005; Singer et al., 2006; Yamamoto et al., 2006). Delayed gastric emptying is also an autonomic symptom associated with Parkinson's disease. By the elevation of the cholinergic tone with Pyridostigmine bromide the investigators also expect to alleviate symptoms of delayed gastric emptying and obstipation, possibly even facilitating the uptake of dopaminergic medication through the gut (Sadjadpour, 1983; Bharucha et al., 2008). Therefore the investigators designed a monocentric randomized, controlled, double blind, crossover phase II trial to show non-inferiority of the effect of pyridostigmine bromide vs. fludrocortisone on symptoms of autonomic dysregulation in Parkinson's disease.