The Ongiini-Eval-OW Benchmark: A Concept Paper for the Planned Benchmarking of Machine Translation and Large Language Models on Oshindonga and Oshikwanyama

Oshiwambo -- a cluster of mutually intelligible Bantu languages spoken by over a million people across northern Namibia and southern Angola, and the home language of roughly half of Namibian households -- has, to our knowledge, no published machine-translation evaluation benchmark. Major commercial