Who Pays When Shared Infrastructure Fails? Zero Liquid Discharge, the Utilisation Trap, and the Incidence of Compliance Cost in India's Textile and Tannery Clusters

Many countries require factories to recycle almost all their wastewater and return none to rivers, a standard called zero liquid discharge (ZLD); in India, courts have imposed it on textile and leather clusters. Yet when enforcement tightens, small firms close while larger polluters often endure. Th