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Minimum Virtual Proper Time and Finite Mass--Charge Matching in QED
We formulate four-dimensional finite-proper-time QED from a gauge-covariant source functional with a retained spectral lower boundary $s_0=Λ^{-2}>0$ and finite physical duration $\mathcal T$. Physically, the basic $s_0$ operation is a truncated Laplace transform: the arbitrarily small-proper-time pa
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