Comparison of Five Anesthetic Delivery Systems for Palatal Infiltration

This study is a randomized clinical trial evaluating five different anesthetic delivery systems for palatal infiltration in adults undergoing maxillary molar extraction. A total of 200 healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive anesthesia using one of the following devices: conventional dental syringe, manual pressure syringe, spring-activated syringe, needle-free jet injector, or computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system. The purpose of the study is to compare patient-reported pain, dental fear, and physiological responses (pulse rate and oxygen saturation) associated with each system. The results are expected to provide evidence on which devices may improve patient comfort and cooperation during palatal infiltration procedures.