Transformers with Physics-Informed Encodings and Simulation-Based Inference for Robust Detection of Eccentric Binary Black Holes in Pulsar Timing Array Data

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) provide a unique window into nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs), but extracting astrophysical parameters from noisy, long-baseline timing residuals remains computationally challenging with traditional Bayesian techniques due to the high dimensionality of the parameter sp