The Signed Geometry of One-Shot Recourse: On-Path Validity and the Signed-Curvature Criterion

Closed-form recourse moves a rejected user along the unit gradient $\hat g$ of the classifier score $f$ by the promised distance $d_p=|f(x)|/\|\nabla f(x)\|$, at which the linearized score reaches zero. We ask when this one-shot step succeeds and what additional model queries change. To leading orde