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Beyond a Single Direction: Chain-of-Thought Disrupts Simple Steering of Refusal

Yang, Kia-Jüng et al.
arXiv (All) · Papers
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machine-learning
Large reasoning models (LRMs) generate chain-of-thought (CoT) traces before producing final outputs, introducing a dynamic internal state that may complicate control mechanisms such as refusal. Unlike instruction-tuned LLMs, where refusal is mediated by a single directional subspace, refusal in larg
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