El dólar como herramienta geopolítica: hegemonía monetaria, disciplinamiento financiero y transición hacia sistemas alternativos de pagos internacionales

Since the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, the U.S. dollar has been established as the world’s leading reserve currency and the dominant medium for international payments. This position was not merely the outcome of the expansion of global trade, but also the result of the deliberate construction of a