Nanobody-based Schistosomiasis Urine Test Kit Research

This study aims to develop and evaluate a nanobody-based urine diagnostic test for Schistosoma haematobium infection through IPSE antigen detection. Approximately 2500 participants will be recruited and divided into five groups: confirmed S. haematobium infection, S. mansoni infection, urinary tract infection, nephritis or other renal diseases, and healthy controls (about 500 individuals per group). Each participant will provide a single morning midstream urine sample (30-50 mL), which will be used both for the development and optimization of the nanobody-based colloidal gold lateral flow assay (LFIA) and for evaluation of its diagnostic performance compared with urine-filtration microscopy.