Nicotine self-administration suppresses both pro- and anti-inflammatory accumbens cytokines but does not induce apoptosis in female rats

Nicotine can alter neuroimmune signaling within the brain reward pathway, and specifically, within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Despite clinically meaningful sex differences in nicotine use as well as known sex differences in immune system function, no studies have evaluated NAc neuroimmune conseque