Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System and Tubal Ligation

Today tubal sterilization is a simple, safe, and cost-effective method of achieving long-term contraception. Sterilization is an ideal method of permanent contraception in developing countries where access to health care providers is limited. The percentage of women who use sterilization as a method of contraception rises from about 5% between 20 and 24 years of age to almost 50% for those between 40 and 44 years of age. The most widely touted and most significant health benefit of tubal sterilization appears to be a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Post-tubal ligation syndrome includes pain during intercourse, aching lower back, premenstrual tension syndrome, uterine hemorrhage, and absence of menstruation. The syndrome is caused by blood circulation problems in and around the Fallopian tubes and ovaries, pressure on nerves, and intrapelvic adhesion. Since the symptoms of this syndrome are mild, simple symptomatic treatment is sufficient in most cases. In some cases, however, hysterectomy may be necessary.