Thiamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Their Combination on MMP-9/TIMP-1 and Inflammatory Balance in Sepsis

This two-center, open-label randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of adjunctive thiamine, ascorbic acid, and their combination compared with 0.9% saline on the extracellular matrix-remodeling axis (matrix metalloproteinase-9 \[MMP-9\] and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 \[TIMP-1\]) and the inflammatory-balance axis (interleukin-6 \[IL-6\] and interleukin-10 \[IL-10\]) in adult patients with sepsis. Serum biomarkers were measured by ELISA at baseline and after 72 hours and related to organ dysfunction (SOFA score), acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality.