Using Telehealth to Improve Outcomes in Veterans at Risk for Suicide

Overview. The investigators will randomize 120 Veterans in this 3-site trial over 16 months. Eligible Veterans will include those to be discharged for a hospitalization for suicidal ideation. Baseline data collection and randomization will occur at discharge. The 3 month intervention will have study assessments at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-discharge. The study's primary outcome measure is suicidal ideation (measured with the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation\[BSS\] and secondarily with the Columbia Scale for Suicidality C-SSRS). Intervention Components. The control condition will consist of Veterans randomized to VHA-SRM (Suicide Risk Monitoring). The experimental condition will be the telehealth system (TES) + VHA-SRM (Suicide Risk Monitoring) intervention. Veterans randomized to the telehealth system will receive the Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system monitoring in addition to VHA-SRM and will receive training on how to use the TES from the research coordinator. Veterans can access the IVR as a telephonic device accessed by a local or toll-free number and can use a 'plain old telephone system' (POTS), Cellular phone or Internet phone connected to their phone service provider. Participants will be instructed to interact daily with the TES system daily. Because of safety concerns, questions pertaining to suicidal behavior will be asked daily; to avoid repetition, all other questions will be asked every 3rd day. Once participants complete the questions on the telehealth device, their responses will be automatically uploaded and checked by trained VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System (VAPHS) nurses every 4 hours, during regular daytime hours of 9-5. VAPHS will serve as the central site retrieving downloads for all sites. Color-coded risk triage level designations based on potential responses, provide guidance regarding next steps. The protocol for assessing suicidal patients will follow standard VA procedures, outlined in each medical center's safety plan for suicida