Association Between the Duration of Smart Phone Use and Back Dysfunction in Patients With Low Back Pain

This study investigates the association between the duration of smart phone use and back pain and proprioception deficits in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain (CLBP). It is hypothesized that increased duration of smart phone use will be associated with 1. Increased back pain as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) 2. Reduced proprioception acuity as indicated by increased angle of error of back repositioning as measured by isokinetic dynamometer.