People With Lower Well-Being Show Longer and Less Stable Smartphone Use: A Large-Scale Analysis of 12 Datasets

Debate over whether smartphone use relates to poorer well-being is limited by self-reports, small single-country samples, and a focus on average use. We harmonized objective app-use from 12 studies (2,945 participants; 37,229 person-days; 851,865 person-hours) across five countries to examine assoc