Study to Improve Treatments and Follow-up of Children Who Need Respiratory Support

Mechanical ventilation is a vital therapeutic support, widely used in pediatric intensive care. Invasive ventilation (IV) is associated with risk of major complications ( nosocomial pneumonia, secondary pulmonary barotrauma injuries, pneumothorax) , which can increase : the duration of ventilation, mortality, length of ICU stay and health costs. The practitioner should ask the benefit of the continuation of this IV daily and adapting it, to limit complications. The evaluation of the work of breathing is a key element in understanding the pathophysiology of respiratory distress but is also a key element in improving the management of ventilatory support and the adjustment of ventilatory parameters . It has been shown that there is an increased work of breathing in all children admitted in ICU for clinical acute respiratory distress that is significantly reduced by ventilatory support. There is probably a relationship that should be proportional between the work of breathing ( PTP ) resulting in respiratory request triggered by the respiratory drive and the electrical activity of the diaphragm ( Edi ) . The validation of this correlation PTP / Edi has a direct impact on the monitoring of ventilated patients with the ability to monitor the physiological factor while maintaining a classical treatment of children by simply monitoring Edi without additional invasive device .