Neoantigen Vaccine Therapy Against H3.3-K27M Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma

Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), which diffusely occupy the pons of brainstem, are the deadliest primary brain cancer in children. Biopsy for pathology plus radiotherapy remains the current standard-of-care treatment that is minimal effective. Thus, the median overall survival after diagnosis is just 10 months. Recent studies have identified a lysine 27-to-methionine (K27M) somatic mutation at histone H3 variant (H3.3), as a feature mutation in DIPGs. Several preclinical studies have already demonstrated H3.3-K27M as a promising target for immunotherapy. The researched vaccine is a cancer-treatment vaccine containing an H3.3-K27M targeted neoantigen peptide, that can be taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). APCs can present the peptide with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on cell surface, thereby activating neoantigen-specific T cells and triggering corresponding cytotoxic T cell immune responses to eliminate H3.3-K27M-expressing DIPG cells. The main goal of this study is investigating the safety and preliminary efficacy of the vaccine in treating newly-diagnosed DIPGs when the vaccine is administered in combination with the standard-of-care treatment.