Adenosine Activity in Producing Venoarteriolar Reflexes

Veno-arteriolar and veno- arteriolar-myogenic reflexes (VAR and VMR, respectively) are of the most important contributors to local vasoregulation. In a recent research we showed that VAR is affected in the affected lower limbs of CRPS (chronic regional pain syndrome) patients. {Dayan, 2008 1 /id} That is, local venous congestion (40 mmHg) results in a decreased blood flow in the affected, sick limb compared with its contralateral. The myogenic reflex, however, that is induced by lowering the leg 40 cm below heart level, which causes both venous and arteriolar congestion, was intact in the sick leg. We concluded that the pathophysiology of CRPS might involve a defect in the neural reflex between venous and arteriolar vessels. Arteriolar smooth muscle action, on the other hand, is intact and might compensate for the overwhelmed VAR. Trying to explain the fact that VAR, but not VMR, was different between the affected and unaffected limbs, we raise the hypothesis that since VMR is a local vasoregulatory reflex composed of two components: the venous and myogenic, opposed to the VAR, the myogenoic component of the reflex might compensate for the inappropriate VAR. Many mechanisms that might affect vascular muscles may occur, one of them is related to adenosine. Adenosine is considered a retaliatory autacoid, whose main function is to protect tissues against ischemia. It is a very potent vasodilator. Adenosine is also considered an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning, a phenomenon by which an initial brief period of ischemia protects the tissue from the damage produced by a subsequent more intense ischemic episode. Adenosine has a pivotal role in local vasoregulation. In many researches it was shown that adenosine contributes to exercise hyperaemia in skeletal muscle. The 'adenosine hypothesis' states that blood flow is regulated by interstitial adenosine, released from cardiac or skeletal muscle fibers when there is a mismatch between O2 supply and O2 deman