Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Women With Recurrent Abortion of Unknown Cause

* Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection affects approximately one half of the world population and it is more prevalent in developing countries. This microorganism colonizes the stomach. Typically, it is acquired during childhood and causes asymptomatic chronic infection. A small portion of H. pylori infected subjects develop peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma, usually during late adulthood. (1,2) * Some studies show a relationship between H.pylori and pregnancy-related disorders, such as fetal growth defects and malformations, miscarriage and, more recently, to pre-eclampsia. (3) * Abortion is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Infection is one of the main causes of abortion, a cause which is more important in spontaneous abortion; infections account for only 5% of recurrent abortions. (4) * The severity of infection with H.pylori: given the increasing secretion of inflammatory cytokines and CD8 +, CD4 + in T cells and increasing interferons (IFN), studies have shown that infection with Helicobacter pylori activates immune cells in the uterus and endometrial surface cells, increases TH1 response to helicobacter, disturbs the ratio of T-Helper 2 / T-Helper 1 cytokines, causes abnormalities in the formation of natural vessels in the uterus and, ultimately, leads to abortion.(5) * Repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA): \>=2 consecutive spontaneous pregnancy losses before 20 weeks gestation.(6) * To determine if H.pylori infection is significantly associated with recurrent abortion of unknown cause........