Método e Metafísica na gênese da filosofia crítica de Immanuel Kant

The present dissertation seeks to analyze how the concepts of method and metaphysics appear in Immanuel Kant’s writings published between the years 1747 and 1756. It presents itself as a historical and systematic study of Kant's work, involving both a broad understanding of the works and authors who composed the main references for Kant in the various issues involved in these writings and a conceptual approach of the arguments and positions adopted by the philosopher in the period. Starting from an interpretative position that seeks to achieve a history of Kantian concepts with the intention of understanding how their mode of action may have developed, the analysis of the texts is assumed as one of the fundamental bases of the research, but in such a way that a balance is presented between the historical contextualization of the concepts and their systematic formation, that is, between the diachronic and synchronic levels of comprehension of Kantian concepts. The writings Thoughts on the true estimation of the Living Forces (1747), Universal Natural History (1755), New Elucidation (1755) and Physical Monadology (1756) are analyzed in special detail, but recourse is also made to other writings of the period, reflections and texts not originally published. Thus, by conducting genetic analyses with special emphasis on the German metaphysical tradition (Wolff, Crusius, Bilfinger, Baumgarten etc.) and European natural philosophy (Descartes, Leibniz, Newton, Maupertuis, Buffon etc.), the dissertation allows for a historical analysis of Kantian concepts that therefore encompasses the systematic and historical dimensions of the writings.