Machine Learning for Coding Retail Product Names to Consumer-Price Categories: A Rule-plus-Bag-of-Words Pipeline with Reliability-Weighted Human-in-the-Loop Labeling

Price statistics increasingly draw on scanner, web-scraped and receipt data, whose product descriptions are short, noisy and carry no standard product code, so each item must be coded to a consumption classification such as COICOP. National statistical offices already report that lightweight text cl