Malaria Survey in the Tak Province Refugee Camps

According to the World Malaria Report, there were significant decreases in the number of P.falciparum (PF) malaria cases worldwide in the past decade. On the Thai-Myanmar border where transmission is low and seasonal and where incidence of Multi-drugs resistant P.falciparum parasites is the highest, the same trend has been observed with a clear decline in malaria episodes and the ratio of P. falciparum/P. vivax (PF/PV. Economic development, unprecedented financial support, renewed efforts in vector control, a wider use of rapid diagnosic tests (RDTs) for malaria and the deployment of artemisinin based combination treatments (ACT) are the main contributing factors to those successes against malaria. However the emergence in Cambodia and on the Thai-Myanmar border of P.falciparum isolates that exhibit resistance to artesunate is threatening those gains . This is characterized by a slow parasite clearance rate observed in patients treated with artesunate. At the same time, recent SMRU surveys along the Thai-Burmese border using a new cutting-edge technology i.e. highly sensitive quantitative Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) able to detect very low parasitaemia (10 parasites per ml), found up to a 3-5 fold increase in the prevalence of malaria compared to what is found with the usual diagnostic tools such as microscopy, RDT or even conventional PCR. It seems that a large number of asymptomatic carriers with very low parasites counts (a large potential malaria reservoir) go undetected. If confirmed, this might pose the greatest obstacle for malaria elimination in the region and containment of artemisinin resistance. The purpose of the survey is to further study and understand the epidemiology of malaria in the refugee camp population using cutting-edge technology (RT-PCR) .