Effect of Manual Therapy on Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are multifactorial conditions involving the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles, often presenting with pain and functional limitations. Conventional management includes splints, pharmacological approaches, physiotherapy, and manual therapy. This study aims to evaluate the effects of manual therapy compared to therapeutic exercise on muscle thickness, pain pressure threshold, range of motion, pain, mandibular function, and anxiety in individuals with TMD.