Validation of Instruments for Clinical Trial on Patients With Bipolar Disorder in Rwanda

This study evaluates the cultural and linguistic sensitivity and psychometric properties of a set of four adapted measurement instruments essential to determining the efficacy of group-psychoeducation for patients with bipolar disorder in Rwanda, and one screening tool for bipolar disorder. The four well-known instruments are; The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), The Medical Adherence Scale (MARS), The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale-9 (ISMI-9), and the Mood disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Each instrument will be culturally adapted and validated using a forward-backward translation, consensus conference, and cognitive interviews.