Steady-state semi-analytical solutions for assessing the shape of the freshwater–seawater interface induced by a finite-sized underground physical barrier and a pumping well in a sloping coastal aquifer

Underground physical barriers are recognized as an effective engineering technology for preventing seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers. However, most previous studies have primarily considered two-dimensional barrier effects (cross‐sectional models). This study proposes steady-state semi-analyt