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Direct contact of high thermal conductivity solids with human skin for up to 60 seconds at 1–5 °C: a systematic review
Background: Cryoanaesthesia reduces skin sensation by cooling. The skin temperature reduces within seconds when cooling is achieved by contact with a solid at 1-5°C. Cooling skin cells below 0°C risks freezing damage. We excluded ice, liquids, phase-change packs and subzero metal from analysis. We a
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