TransUNet-GradCAM: A Hybrid Transformer-U-Net with Self-Attention and Explainable Visualizations for Foot Ulcer Segmentation

Automated segmentation of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) supports clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and wound monitoring, but remains challenging because of heterogeneous appearance, irregular morphology, and cluttered backgrounds in clinical photographs. We evaluate a hybrid ViT-bottleneck U-Net