A Comparison of Outcome of Pulpotomy on Immature Permanent Molars Between Different Calcium Silicate-based Materials : a 12 Months Clinical Study

Preservation of pulp vitality through vital pulp therapy (VPT) has emerged in contemporary endodontics, particularly for immature permanent teeth. In cases of irreversible pulpitis, recent literature suggests that clinical symptoms do not always correlate with histopathological findings, supporting the use of conservative approaches such as full pulpotomy. This is especially relevant in young patients where continued root development and apical closure are critical for long-term tooth integrity and functionality. Immature teeth, due to their high cellularity and vascularity, exhibit a greater regenerative capacity, making them indicated for biologically based treatments. Among the materials used for VPT, calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) have demonstrated good biological and physicochemical properties, including high biocompatibility, antimicrobial effects, alkaline pH, and sustained release of calcium ions that stimulate biomineralization. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has long been considered the gold standard; however, it is associated with several clinical limitations such as extended setting time, complex handling, and potential tooth discoloration. To address these drawbacks, newer generation premixed bioceramics have been introduced. These include NeoPUTTY®, Total Fill® BC UNIVERSAL RRM™, and Bio-C® Repair, each exhibiting unique compositional and functional properties designed to enhance clinical performance and ease of use. Despite promising individual results, no clinical study has yet compared these three materials within the context of pulpotomy in immature permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis. This randomized clinical trial aims to fill this gap by evaluating their clinical and radiographic outcomes over a 12-month period, to better guide material selection in vital pulp therapy.