The Effect on EPCs by Successful Cardiac Occlusion Device Implantation

All patients awaiting to have either a left atrial appendage closure (LAA) or patent foramen ovale (PFO) or Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure device as part of standard care will be identified and reviewed in cardiology clinics. These patients will be placed on waiting list to undergo the procedure. Patient-participants will be consented on the date of admission for device closure implantation. The study will recruit 20 patients divided into; 10 patients undergoing PFO/ASD closure and 10 patients undergoing LAA closure. EPC will be measured on the day of the device implantation, day 0 and prior to discharge on day 1. Patient participants are admitted overnight after the device closure implantation. Then on subsequent out patient cardiology research clinic follow appointments on days (3-4) and (7-8).