An Innovative Proprioceptive Instrument for Upper Extremities

This study aimed to develop and validate an innovative proprioceptive assessment instrument for the upper extremities, the PropArm-PosiMoF (PropArm). This observational study was conducted in three stages. The first stage focused on the development and validation of PropArm, including test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and convergent validity. The second stage established age norms and cut-off points in healthy adults. In the final stage, PropArm was applied to patients with proprioceptive impairments (stroke, shoulder impingement syndrome, and diabetes mellitus patients) to examine its diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability.