Investigation of the Effect of Combined Motor Imagery and Activity Observation Therapy on Strengthening the Non-Dominant Hand in Healthy Individuals

Introduction: Motor Imagery (MI) and Action Observation (AO) are well-established cognitive training techniques that activate neural networks similar to those involved in actual motor execution. MI involves the mental rehearsal of a movement without physically performing it, while AO relies on observing an action performed by others to stimulate motor-related brain areas. Recent studies suggest that when these methods are combined, they may enhance motor learning, cortical plasticity, and strength gains more effectively than when applied alone. The non-dominant hand, often less trained and weaker in performance compared to the dominant hand, provides an ideal model to examine the effects of these interventions. Strengthening the non-dominant upper limb has implications not only for improving functional balance between the limbs in healthy individuals but also for potential clinical applications in rehabilitation. Aim: The primary aim of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the combined effect of MI and AO on muscular strength and functional performance of the non-dominant hand in healthy university students. Specifically, the study seeks to compare the outcomes of three groups: (1) AO combined with MI, (2) MI only, and (3) a control group with no intervention. It is hypothesized that participants in the AO+MI group will demonstrate greater improvements in grip strength and functional outcomes compared to the other groups. Evaluation: To comprehensively measure the effects of the intervention, several standardized assessment tools will be employed. Motor imagery ability will be evaluated using the Motor Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3). Hand dominance will be determined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Grip strength will be objectively measured using a Hand Grip Dynamometer. The Recognise App will be used to assess laterality recognition and sensorimotor integration, while overall upper limb function will be measured through the Short Musculos